This is an extension of the original RAGE model (Dressler et al. 2018), where we add learning capabilities to agents, specifically learning-by-doing and social learning (two processes central to adaptive (co-)management).

The extension module is applied to smallholder farmers’ decision-making - here, a pasture (patch) is the private property of the household (agent) placed on it and there is no movement of the households. Households observe the state of the pasture and their neighrbours to make decisions on how many livestock to place on their pasture every year. Three new behavioural types are created (which cannot be combined with the original ones): E-RO (baseline behaviour), E-LBD (learning-by-doing) and E-RO-SL1 (social learning). Similarly to the original model, these three types can be compared regarding long-term social-ecological performance. In addition, a global strategy switching option (corresponding to double-loop learning) allows users to study how behavioural strategies diffuse in a heterogeneous population of learning and non-learning agents.

An important modification of the original model is that extension agents are heterogeneous in how they deal with uncertainty. This is represented by an agent property, called the r-parameter (household-risk-att in the code). The r-parameter is catch-all for various factors that form an agent’s disposition to act in a certain way, such as: uncertainty in the sensing (partial observability of the resource system), noise in the information received, or an inherent characteristic of the agent, for instance, their risk attitude.

This model extends Schelling’s segregation model with mobility sharing. Agents of two groups occupy cells of a 32 × 32 grid and repeatedly choose activity destinations subject to a preference threshold, the minimum share of ingroup neighbours they accept. Trips are matched into shared rides between members of different groups, using one of four matching algorithms on a shareability network (maximal cross-group matching, maximum weight matching on contact time, maximum cardinality matching, or random greedy matching) with a maximum detour constraint. After each trip, an agent’s preference threshold changes with the time spent in contact with outgroup members.

Starting from complete segregation, the model examines under which conditions contact during shared trips leads to integration. Besides the main scenario, in which contact always lowers the threshold, it includes two extensions. In the first, a share of adversarial agents becomes less tolerant with contact, and this share grows or shrinks with the current level of segregation, governed by a branching dissimilarity index and a conversion rate. In the second, each contact raises or lowers the threshold with a probability that depends on the agent’s current attitude relative to a compatibility threshold.

Segregation is measured with the index of dissimilarity and the Gini coefficient. The model file includes BehaviorSpace experiments for each analysis in the associated article. The matching step uses the NetworkX library through the Python extension of NetLogo (requires Python 3 with numpy and networkx 3.x).

This is an agent-based model of a population of scientists alternatively authoring or reviewing manuscripts submitted to a scholarly journal for peer review. Peer-review evaluation can be either ‘confidential’, i.e. the identity of authors and reviewers is not disclosed, or ‘open’, i.e. authors’ identity is disclosed to reviewers. The quality of the submitted manuscripts vary according to their authors’ resources, which vary according to the number of publications. Reviewers can assess the assigned manuscript’s quality either reliably of unreliably according to varying behavioural assumptions, i.e. direct/indirect reciprocation of past outcome as authors, or deference towards higher-status authors.

The Urban Traffic Simulator is an agent-based model developed in the Unity platform. The model allows the user to simulate several autonomous vehicles (AVs) and tune granular parameters such as vehicle downforce, adherence to speed limits, top speed in mph and mass. The model allows researchers to tune these parameters, run the simulator for a given period and export data from the model for analysis (an example is provided in Jupyter Notebook).

The data the model is currently able to output are the following:

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Routes & Rumours is an agent-based model of (forced) human migration. We model the formation of migration routes under the assumption that migrants have limited geographical knowledge concerning the transit area and rely to a large degree on information obtained from other migrants.

The Price Evolution with Expectations model provides the opportunity to explore the question of non-equilibrium market dynamics, and how and under which conditions an economic system converges to the classically defined economic equilibrium. To accomplish this, we bring together two points of view of the economy; the classical perspective of general equilibrium theory and an evolutionary perspective, in which the current development of the economic system determines the possibilities for further evolution.

The Price Evolution with Expectations model consists of a representative firm producing no profit but producing a single good, which we call sugar, and a representative household which provides labour to the firm and purchases sugar.The model explores the evolutionary dynamics whereby the firm does not initially know the household demand but eventually this demand and thus the correct price for sugar given the household’s optimal labour.

The model can be run in one of two ways; the first does not include money and the second uses money such that the firm and/or the household have an endowment that can be spent or saved. In either case, the household has preferences for leisure and consumption and a demand function relating sugar and price, and the firm has a production function and learns the household demand over a set number of time steps using either an endogenous or exogenous learning algorithm. The resulting equilibria, or fixed points of the system, may or may not match the classical economic equilibrium.

An agent-based model of one colony of the Florida harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius, from the day a mated queen lands to the death of the colony. It runs in a web browser and, unchanged, headless in Node for replicate studies.

What the ants do: a claustral queen digs her own shaft and raises the first workers on her reserves; workers dig the nest under local rules, with no ant holding a plan; a one-way, age-based division of labour set by the season of birth, which no shortage reverses; trunk-trail foraging with site fidelity and recruitment; seed storage, opening and germination in the chambers, which is what feeds the larvae; daily weather from the climate normals of the study site, with drought years; nuptial flights after heavy rain; corpse removal; alarm at a disturbance on the foraging ground; and annual nest relocation, in which the store and then the brood are carried along the trail to a new nest the colony digs.

Every value in the model is tagged as measured in this species, borrowed from another ant, or invented, with its source, in a single parameter file. The model is deterministic: one seeded stream per system and a fixed one-minute timestep, so a seed reproduces a run bit for bit in the browser and in Node, which a test pins. A study writes a methods report listing the invented values the results rest on and the acceptance tests the model fails.

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The General Housing Model demonstrates a basic housing market with bank lending, renters, owners and landlords. This model was developed as a base to which students contributed additional functions during Arizona State University’s 2020 Winter School: Agent-Based Modeling of Social-Ecological Systems.

This model represnts an unique human-aquifer interactions model for the Li-extraction in Salar de Atacama, Chile. It describes the local actors’ experience of mining-induced changes in the socio-ecological system, especially on groundwater changes and social stressors. Social interactions are designed specifically according to a long-term local fieldwork by Babidge et al. (2019, 2020). The groundwater system builds on the FlowLogo model by Castilla-Rho et al. (2015), which was then parameterized and calibrated with local hydrogeological inputs in Salar de Atacama, Chile. The social system of the ABM is defined and customozied based on empirical studies to reflect three major stressors: drought stress, population stress, and mining stress. The model reports evolution of groundwater changes and associated social stress dynamics within the modeled time frame.

An agent-based microsimulation of insecticide-treated net (ITN) distribution and adoption in Kenya (2003–2024), integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Rogers diffusion, Weibull net decay, and a GPS-based two-layer social network. 8,561 household agents calibrated via Approximate Bayesian Computation to six DHS/MIS survey waves, achieving 2.42 pp mean absolute error on Kenya-level ownership. The analysis chain supports mechanism counterfactuals and policy experiments on equity outcomes of ITN distribution strategies.