An ABM, derived from a case study and a series of surveys with greenhouse growers in the Westland, Netherlands. Experiments using this model showshow that the greenhouse horticulture industry displays diversity, adaptive complexity and an uneven distribution, which all suggest that the industry is an evolving system.

An agent-based model of the scapegoat mechanism of René Girard’s mimetic theory on a coevolving network. Agents accumulate tension from a shared stressor and from contagion; an agent whose whole neighbourhood is saturated accuses another; ties reorganise around accusers; once the marked exceed a tenth of the living, a threshold rule expels one of them and the group’s tension is discharged. The model asks when a stressed population reaches the collective act, what it costs and what it leaves behind: without the accusation rules tension saturates and most of the population dies; with them tension stays low and the cost falls on a few; closure (the reluctance to form new ties) decides whether expulsion occurs and skepticism decides when; the act’s lasting mark is a lower division into communities. A null model, the ablation of each rule, six initial networks and controls on the reach of the relief test the results. Release 1.1.0 is the package behind a manuscript submitted to JASSS (November 2026): six model versions, the per-tick output of every series, daily aggregates of eight anonymised episodes of online hostility and the scripts that regenerate every table and figure. Releases 1.0.x hold an earlier version of the model alone.